Thursday, May 14, 2020

Diabetes Awareness Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 701 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? Â  Its certainly possible for diabetic kids to be great athletes, but they walk a tightrope (Bekx) Some of the best athletes not only have a battle on the field while playing their sport, but they also fight the battle to closely monitor their bodies because of their diabetes. Ron Santo and Jay Cutler are both professional athletes who have excelled in their respective sports while managing diabetes. To be successful, these athletes follow strict exercise regimens and diets to properly manage their disease while training for their careers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Diabetes Awareness Essay" essay for you Create order It is certainly a challenge for these athletes, but their success serves as an inspiration to many young aspiring athletes who also live with diabetes. Jay Cutler, a former football quarterback, is one well known athlete who continued to be successful despite being diagnosed with diabetes at the age of twenty-five. Cutler decided to see a doctor because he was experiencing significant unexplained weight loss and feelings of fatigue (Bergstein). When test results returned, Cutler was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes. The extraordinary quarterback was determined not to let his diabetes diagnosis end his career. The first step to managing his disease was to monitor his blood sugar levels. Secondly, he changed his diet by replacing carbohydrates with foods such as healthy proteins, fats and vegetables (Bergstein). He also began an exercise program that included aerobic exercises for at least 30 minutes a day for five days week to improve they way his body used insulin. Cutler continued to find success in his football career and was even named player of the month and top passer in the American Football Conference during his 2008 season (Bergstein). You can live with diabetes and still live the way you want says Cutler who is an inspiring example for young diabetic athletes to pursue their sports dreams. Ron Santo is another legendary athlete diagnosed with diabetes during his sporting career. Ron Santo played major league baseball for the Chicago Cubs and the Chicago White Sox during the 1960s. Santo was diagnosed in 1959 at the age of eighteen when his mother sent him for a doctors checkup before he left home for baseball training camp. Upon diagnosis, his main concerns was that this disease might hinder his God-given gifts (Santo) for playing baseball. Santo hoped that he would be able to manage his diabetes with simple diet and exercise. He monitored his blood sugar and kept foods high in sugar in the dugout during games to eat in case his blood sugar dropped significantly. He successfully did just that for the first year after his diagnosis. He played in the minor leagues and had an exceptional first season with 11 home runs and a batting average of a .327 (Santo). In 1960, his pancreas function decreased which required him to being taking insulin injections. Initially, he kept his struggle with diabetes a secret from his teammates and coaches. He did not want to be treated differently than the other players, but at the same time he realized that no one would know how to help him if he had life threatening complications due to his diabetes. He decided to tell the teammate whom he roomed for out of town games. Eventually he shared his story with his entire team and the public about his disease. He inspired many as he empowered people of all ages to pursue the lifestyle they wanted for themselves. Santo remind[ed] people that theres no reason the disease should prevent them from utilizing their own God-given gifts (Santo). He became a board member of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation as a way of giving back to the community that had supported him so extensively. Young athletes who walk a diabetic tightrope can find their path easier when they follow the advice and example of diabetic athletes who have already paved the way to success. The first step to success is continual monitoring of blood sugar levels. The second step is a diet filled with healthy proteins, fats, and vegetables coupled with an aerobic exercise program. And finally and maybe most importantly, young athletes need the support and encouragement of their families, friends, and communities to reach their highest level of success in any sport they wish to pursue.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The On The Path Reversal Test - 1546 Words

Introduction There are many commonly known gender stereotypes; one of them is that men have better spatial abilities than women. The results of the experiment done by Liu, Levy, Barton, and Iaria (2011) showed this stereotype is not completely prejudicial because adult men outperformed adult women on several spatial tests, including cognitive map use, formation; and path reversal. The gender difference on the path reversal test is the highest among all tests( see appendix 1). Path reversal test evaluates how well do the participants recognize a reverse route back to the origin without the help of landmarks. In order to successfully complete this test, the participants need to be able to accurately estimate the distances between turns, how many turns are there and the angle of each turn. This test also requires the abilities to integrate optic flow and vestibular information with mental rotation and mental imagery. One of the reasons men perform better at this could be due to that they are better at judging distances because they tend to favor allocentric strategy during navigation and determine their directions by referring to the absolute position between landmarks (Li, 2014). In comparison, women often use egocentric strategy and determine their direction by relating to local landmarks, so they perform better than men on tests that required them to recall landmarks or street names. The ability to perform mental rotation also distinct greatly between genders, with menShow MoreRelatedFailed Vasectomy Reversal Ivf Success Story1001 Words   |  5 Pageswords) Failed Vasectomy Reversal IVF Success Story Meta Description After a failed vasectomy reversal, this couple discovered the key to growing their family: IVF at our Las Vegas fertility center. 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Creon warns the King that â€Å"time is the only test of honest men,† the Chorus agrees with a warning that â€Å"those who are quick of temper are not safe,† yet Oedipus dismisses their words determining that he must be swift in action, allowing his pride to take the lead (3.679-688.925). Aristotle furtherRead MoreMy Decision Of Undergoing A Career922 Words   |  4 Pagespatients through cleaning them and helped perform procedures that would remedy their pain. The true test of my capabilities was when I did a postmortem on an individual who resembled my grandmother. I still recall breaking down into tears in that hospice on the day my grandmother passed away, and a nurse had to calm me. The experience was mortifying, but I had to move forward. Now it was a reversal in roles where I maintained my own composure and talked to the girl who faced this terrible news. ItRead MoreTo What Extent Does Williams Portray Stanley as the Cause for Blanche’s Downfall?1580 Words   |  7 Pagesborn writer called Tennessee Williams. A Street Car Named Desire shows a reversal of fortune with Blanche having a life full of fortune with a successful business and a happy marriage however it is all turned upside when all this fortune is removed out of her life resulting in her seek ing refuge with a lower class family her sister got married into... this fits in with Aristotle’s theory of tragedy because there is a reversal of fortune, bringing out feelings of fright and sympathy to the audienceRead MoreAdventure Of A Common Werewolf Escaping An Alien Invasion1436 Words   |  6 PagesLife is simple and free until a magical spaceship lands in the distant mountains. A common werewolf, Zunkai, seeks out the strange object with fellow pack members and they are captured, upon arrival, by these new creatures – Humans and are used as test subjects. After a year of imprisonment, the werewolves are released into the newly developed city, and are left for dead. Synopsis: In the muggy city, Zunkai finds himself in a dumpster with no clothes or food. He is forced to find shelter withinRead More Mirror Neurons and Motor Memory Formation Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesare strengthened. This is the subject of the paper—does observing an action effectively change the pathways related to the motor neurons related to that action in a way that mimics what was observed? INTRODUCTION This experiment was created to test whether motor skills can be acquired through the mere observation of movement, rather than actual physical activity. Mirror neurons play a role in motor skills in the sense that they are discharged when an action that can be executed is observed. ItRead MoreMini Review : Spatial Cognition3454 Words   |  14 Pagesposition (Shettleworth., 2010). 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Modelling Corporate Communications System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Modelling Corporate Communications System. Answer: Introduction Communication is not just a process. It is an art of first reading or listening the information, understanding it, processing it and then transferring it (Gibson and Hodgetts, 2010). There is a big amount of efforts which goes into communication. Spoken language, body language, voice modulation and gesticulations are few of the significant communication features. If the other person is unable to understand any of these communication factors, then the process of communication fails. Communication means transferring information from a sender to a receiver, with the information that a receiver can understand. The process of communication starts with the sender to encode an idea which is sent in visual, writer, oral or some other form to the receiver. Decoding of message is done by the receiver and receiver tries to understand the message sent by the sender. Hence, in turn consequence in some change or action. However the process of communication could be interrupted by noise that is som ething which hinders communication (Zaumane, 2016). Communication comprises the sharing of information and idea. Whereas several individuals believe that communication is mainly in the oral or written form, communication is actually much more. A knowing look or a gentle touch could also communicate a message clear and loud, as can an angry slap or hard push. So, communication is an interaction amongst two individuals in which something is exchanged (Pincus, 1986). Information: Management is able to keep the employees well informed about the organizations programmes and plans. Effective communication is needed to communicate information to the staff. By sharing information, management is able to build loyalty amongst the workers. Social Interaction: Communication a chief source of social interactions. It assists individuals to express their emotions and feelings. Communication of emptions and moods assists to understand the members of the organization and hence the objectives of the organization and group could be effectively attained (D'Aprix, 2006). Improved performance: Effective communication eases clear information to the personnel. Hence, the personnel are able to better understand their job and feel more involved in them. This inspires better job satisfaction and performance (Ivancevich, Lorenzi and Crosby, 2014). Clarification: With the help of effective communication, management is able to clarify certain issues or matters with the employees. Sometimes, employees might ask queries on policies and plans of the organization. By communicating effectively, management can answer such queries. The management is also able to clarify the doubts/queries of the outsiders like suppliers, customers, etc. (Byrne and LeMay, 2006). Training and development: Communication is important for development and training of the employees. Trainers must be effective communicators. Excellent communication from the trainers side assists the trainees to understand easily the concept and other issues. Greater efficiency: There is a requirement of effective communication to attain greater efficiency in the company. At all levels managers need to communicate well, so that personnel attain greater returns at lesser cost (Berko, Wolvin and Curtis, 2014). Influence of Effective Decoding and Coding The model of communication process proposes that effectiveness of communication relies on the ability of the receiver and sender to accurately and efficiently decode and encode information. There are 4 factors identified by experts to impact the effectiveness of the decoding-encoding process. The first aspect is that receivers and senders capability and motivation to communicate the channel of communication (Rehmeyer, 2007). Few individuals better communicate via face-to-face conversation and prefer using this channel of communication. Others feel awkward communicating face to face; however feel comfortable via text messages and other instant messaging applications. Usually, the process of encoding-decoding is more effective when both the parties are expert at using the opted channel of communication and like using that communication medium (Cass, 2011). The second aspect is the degree to which both the parties have alike code books (dictionary of idioms, gestures, language, symbol and other tools used to communicate message) with the code books similar to this, the communication participants are capable of encoding and decoding more correctly since they both have the similar or alike meaning. The efficiency of communication is able improved since there is a fewer requirement for redundancy (like saying the same things in different methods) and lesser requirement for confirming feedback (so, are you saying this?) (Al-Ghamdi, Roy and Ahmed, 2007). The third factor which impacts the effectiveness of the process of encoding-deciding is the degree to which mental models are shared by both the parties regarding the context of the message. Metal models are the internal depictions amongst those features. When coder and decoder have shared common models, they have a mutual environmental understanding concerning to the information, so lesser communication is essential to clarify meaning about the situation. Notice that sharing of same mental models varies from sharing the same code book of the topic context. Mental models are knowledge structures of topics setting whereas codebooks consist of symbols used to communicate content of the message (Quirke, 2008). The fourth factor inducing the effectiveness of the process of encoding-decoding is the experience of sender to communicate the message. As individuals turns to be more acquainted with the subject matter, they build more colourful or efficient language to define the subject. In simple sentence, they turn out to be more capable at using the symbols codebook to communicate the message (Chia, 2011). This is comparable to the effect of sport practice or job training. The more experiences and practices attained at communicating a subject, the more individuals learn how to transmit efficiently others with that information. The two major kinds of communication channels are non-verbal and verbal. Several forms of Web-based communication are commonly used in organization, email or electronic mail is one amongst the most popular. Even though email is one of the proficient and a beneficial cabinet, however it is comparatively poor at communication emotions; it inclined to diminish the respect and politeness; it is an ineffective mode for communicating in novel, complex and ambiguous circumstances; and it contributes to overload of information. Websites like virtual reality platforms, Facebook, wikis and other social media forms are becoming popular in the organization. Social media comprises of web-based tools (applications, websites, etc.) which permit the users to produce and exchange information. They serve various functions, comprising of presentation of the identity of a person, empowering conversations, information sharing, sensing others presence in the virtual space, relationship maintenance, reveal ing status or reputation. Non-verbal communication comprises of physical distance, voice intonation, facial gestures and silence as well. Unlike verbal communication, non-verbal communication is less bound to rules and is usually non-conscious and automatic. Few non-verbal communications are automatic by a process known as emotional contagion (Chen, Silverthorne and Hung, 2006). The 2 important factors to be considered while choosing an appropriate channel for communication in a specific situation are: Social Acceptance and Media Richness. Social Acceptance: It denotes to how well the medium of communication is supported and proved by an individual, team and the company (Daft and Lengel, 2014). The first aspect in social acceptance is the teams and organizations norms concerning the usage of definite channels of communication. Norms partially describe why discussions over telephone are more common amongst the employees in few organizations, while instant messaging or email is the medium of choice in other companies. Few companies believe meeting the personnel face-to-face, while similar conversations and emails are erratic events somewhere else. Norms also form the use of media of communication for individuals in particular role. For example, employees in the frontline are less expected to personally visit the CEO of the organization, whereas, most of them are expected to write an email. The second factor for social acceptance is the preference of an individual for particular channel of communication. Sometimes it is e xplored that a co-worker prefers to send an e-mail instead of voice-mail, or desire to meet is personnel instead of other thinking its necessity. Such preferences are because of personality traits, an also due to previous experience and reinforcement with specific channels. The thirds factor of social acceptance is to deliberate symbolic meaning of channel. Some channels of communication are reviewed as impersonal while rest are quite personal; few are reflected professionals and rest are casual; few are not cool and other are (Bovee and Thill, 2012). Media Richness: Accompanied with social acceptance, individuals select media to communication grounded on their media richness. It is defined as the capacity of the medium to carry the data, the variety and volume of information which could be transmitted during a particular time (Daft and Lengel, 2014). The below diagram demonstrated various channels of communication organized in a richness hierarchy, with lean data and face to face interaction- merely reports at the end. A channel of communication has high richness when it is capable of conveying multiple cues (like non-verbal and verbal information), permits timely feedback to sender from receiver, permits the sender to customize message to the receiver and utilizes complex symbols (like phrases and words with multiple meaning). In media richness hierarchy, communication is at the top of the media, since it permits communicating both non-verbally and verbally at the same time, to obtain feedback almost instantly from the receiver, to spontaneously modify the style and message, and to use complex language like idioms and metaphors (Wzi?tek, 2016). Barriers to Effective Communication Despite of the best intentions of the receiver and sender to communicate, numerous barriers known as noise hinder the effective information exchange (Burnett and Dollar, 2009). The first obstacle in the communication is the imperfect perceptual process of both receiver and sender. Receivers doesnt listen properly and sender assumes that information has been properly understood. Expectations and needs impacts the signals noticed and ignored. The people are not even better as sender. According to the studies people face difficulty stepping out of their own perceptions and stepping into others perspective, so people end up overestimating that how well others understand the message communicated by us (Larkin and Larkin, 2014). The second barrier is that occasionally messages get filtered on their way down or up the organizational hierarchy. Filtering might cause delaying or deleting the negative information or using works which are less harsh, so the message sounds to be more favourable. Sometimes crucial information is also filtered which may change the complete meaning of the message to be delivered causing miscommunication (Welch and Jackson, 2007). The third barrier is the language difference, even when two individuals speak the same language, the meaning for both of them are different for a specific phrase and word. For instance, a French employee may call an event a catastrophe as a casual exaggeration, whereas somebody in Germany typically interprets this word literally as an earth-shaking event. It doesnt matter how well a person knows a language, phrases and words have enough ambiguity to generate confusion (Goldhaber, Porter, Yates and Lesniak, 2013). As the cultural diversity and globalization are increasing, there are high chances that issues of cross cultural communication may arise and its the fourth barrier to effective communication. Cultures could be differentiated on the grounds of whether they are low-context and use direct style of speech or are high context and use indirect style of speech. In cultures having high context, in order to understand the message a close observation in the context in which it takes place is required, whereas in the low context cultures, speech is more direct and can be considered at the face value (Downs and Hazen, 2012). In cross culture communication, language is also a most obvious challenge. In verbal communication sometimes words might be easily misunderstood in verbal communication by the receiver. Non-verbal communication also signifies other potential areas of misunderstanding across cultures because many non-conscious gestures have the similar denotation round the globe, however deli berate gestures have diverse meanings (Wieseke, Ahearne and Dick, 2009). The sixth barrier to the communication is the Gender stereotypes; it establishes strong expectations regarding how women and men communicate. Men are expected to converse in an assertive way, whereas women are expected to be more relationship-oriented in the style of their communication. Violation of these stereotypes creates problems for women, and can prompt reaction; they are less powerful when they are communicating in an assertive way and their performance is negatively assessed (Hargie and Tourish, 2009). Communicating the Message Effectively Getting the message across to the receiver, the communication happens effectively when a receiver is capable of receiving and understanding the message. In order to complete this challenging task, the sender should learn to emphasize with the receiver, repeat the message, chose the suitable time for the discussion and instead of being evaluative it should be descriptive (Littlejohn and Foss, 2008). Active listening is the process of sensing actively the signals of the sender, assessing them correctly and responding suitably (Poster, 2014). There are 3 elements of active listening i.e. sensing, evaluating and responding. Sensing is the process of receiving signals from the sender and paying attention to sender. Evaluating component comprises of understanding the significance of the message and remembering it. The third component of active listening is responding, it is a feedback given by the receiver to sender, which directs and inspires the speaker for communicating (Tourish and Hargie, 2009). In earlier times, personnel used to receive the official news by hard copy magazines and newsletters. Though this means of communication is still been used by few companies to communicate, however most of the companies have swapped it with web-based information sources. The organization magazines are now published on web pages or circulated in PDF format. The benefit of this e-zines is that organization news are now been distributed and prepared speedily (Clampitt, 2009). Direct communication with the top management Senior executives can better understand if they are able to meet directly with employees and other stakeholders. The strategies such as town hall meetings are followed by the top management to interact with their colleagues. Some companies conduct personnel roundtable forums to listen to the options from a small set of staff regarding various problems. Following such direct strategies of communication possibly minimise the filtering, as management listens directly to employees. In the similar way it assists the management in understanding the organizational problems thoroughly and quickly. Also, employees would have more responsiveness for the decisions taken by the management because the situation was discussed with them before taking the decision (Malmelin, 2007). It does not matter how much the leaders of the organization tries to have communication via wikis, e-zines and other methods, personnel will still depend on the oldest channel of communication, i.e. corporate grapevine. The grapevine is an informal and unstructured informal network established on social relationships instead of job descriptions or organisational charts (Bennett, Owers and Tucker, 2010). Some eras ago, according to the research conducted, stated that the grapevine transmits information very quickly throughout the organizations, in all the directions. The classic pattern is a cluster chain, whereby a few individual vigorously transmit rumours to several others (TowersWatson, 2010). The grapevine works with the help of informal social networks, so it is more active where personnel have alike backgrounds and are capable of communicating easily. Several rumours appear to have at least a seed of truth, probably since they are communicated through media-rich communication channels (example face to face) and personnel gets motivation to effectively communicate. However, the grapevine misrepresents information by erasing fine details and amplifying main points of the story (Akkirman and Harris, 2005). Few of these features may be still stand correct, however other characteristics of the grapevine almost definitely have transformed as blogs, social networking sites and emails have swapped the traditional water cooler discussion as gossip sources. For instance, numerous Facebook sites are themed about particular organizations, permitting customers and workforces to vent their grievances regarding specific companies. Along with modifying the network and speed of corporate grapevines, information technologies have stretched these networks not just around the next cubicle but around the globe (Wright and Noe, 2011). Conclusion For a business organization communication is its life blood. No organization will be able to progress or attain success, develop reputation, and win customers and friends without effective skills of communication. Organizations will continue to operate well by leaving the employees to do their jobs and let internal communication take care of itself. Communication can improve the organizational effectiveness. The more information individuals have, more promptly they get it, and the better connections they have with other people in the company, and this will lead to better work of the organization, which in turn helps the people to feel better about their jobs and about the company. The ultimate beneficiaries of all this are the organization, community and the target population, which finds itself with community respect, satisfied participants and efficient and committed staff members. In an organization the communication becomes effective and successful when the communication process is implemented. Employees will be able to develop their skills of communication when theyll be following the communication process and are staying away from various barriers. The researches have demonstrated that people those are able to understand the process of communication will flourish into more impactful communicators and people those have effective communication skills have higher opportunity to attain success. References Burnett, M.J., and Dollar, A. (2009). Business Communication: Strategies for Success. Houston, Texas: Dane. Ivancevich, J.M., Lorenzi, P., Skinner, S.J., and Crosby, P.B. (2014). Management: Quality and Competitiveness. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin. Gibson, J.W., and Hodgetts, R.M. (2010). Business Communication: Skills and Strategies. NY, NY: Harper and Row. Bovee, C.L., and Thill, J.V. (2012). Business Communication Today. NY, NY: McGraw-Hill. Berko, R.M., Wolvin, A.D., and Curtis, R. (2014). This Business of Communicating. Dubuque, IO: WCB. Wright, P.M., and Noe, R.A., (2011). Management of Organizations. Chicago, IL: Irwin. Zaumane, I. (2016). The internal communication crisis and its impact on an organizations performance. Journal of Business Management. No.12. Chia, J. (2011). Communicating, connecting and developing social capital for sustainable organizations and their communities. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies. Vol.17, No.3. Wzi?tek-Sta?ko, A. (2016) Efficient communication between a manager and an employee as a way to sustainable development of the contemporary organization-based on empirical research. Management theory and studies for rural business and infrastructure development. Nr. 2 (26). Research papers. Quirke, B. (2008). "Making the Connections; using Internal Communications to turn strategy into action", Burlington, VT: Gower Publishing Company Larkin, TJ and Larkin S. (2014). "Communicating Change: winning employee support for new business goals", New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc "How Much Does The Internet Weigh?", by Stephen Cass, Discover, 2011 "The Internet spreads its tentacles" , Julie Rehmeyer, Science News, Vol. 171, No. 25, pp. 387388, 23 June 2007 Meeting and Convention Planners. (2009, December 17). U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved April 21, 2010 Akkirman, A., and Harris, D. (2005). Organizational communication satisfaction in the virtual workplace. Journal of Management Development, 24(5), 397-409. Al-Ghamdi, S., Roy, M., and Ahmed, Z. (2007). How employees learn about corporate strategy: An empirical analysis of a Saudi manufacturing company. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 14(4), 273-285. Bennett, J., Owers, M., Pitt, M., and Tucker, M. (2010). Workplace impact of social networking. Property Management, 28(3), 138-148. Byrne, Z., and LeMay, E. (2006). Different media for organizational communication: Perceptions of quality and satisfaction. Journal of Business and Psychology, 21(2), 149-173. Chen, J., Silverthorne, C., and Hung, J. (2006). Organization communication, job stress, organizational commitment, and job performance of accounting professionals in Taiwan and America. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 27(4), 242-249. Clampitt, P. G. (2009). The questionnaire approach. In O. Hargie and D. Tourish (Eds.), Auditing Organizational Communication. London: Routledge. D'Aprix, R. (2006). Throwing rocks at the corporate rhinocerous, the challenges of employee engagement. In T. L. E. Gillis (Ed.), The IABC Handbook of Organizational Communication. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons. Daft, R., and Lengel, R. (2014). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 554-571. Downs, C., and Hazen, M. (2012). A factor analytic study of communication satisfaction. Journal of Business Communication, 14(3), 63. Goldhaber, G., Porter, D., Yates, M., and Lesniak, R. (2013). Organizational communication: 1978. Human Communication Research, 5(1), 76-96. Hargie, O., and Tourish, D. (Eds.). (2009). Auditing Organizational Communication. London: Routledge. Littlejohn, S. W., and Foss, K. A. (2008). Theories of Human Communication (Ninth ed.). Belmont: Thomson Higher Education. Malmelin, N. (2007). Communication capital: Modelling corporate communications as an organizational asset. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 12(3), 298-310. Poster, M. (2014). The Second Media Age: Polity Press Cambridge, UK. Pincus, J. (1986). Communication satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job performance. Human Communication Research, 12(3), 395-419 Tourish, D., and Hargie, O. (2009). Communication and organizational success In O. Hargie and D. Tourish (Eds.), Auditing Organisational Success. London: Routledge. TowersWatson. (2010). Capitalizing on Effective Communication, . 2009/2010 Communication ROI Study Report. Wieseke, J., Ahearne, M., Lam, S., and Dick, R. (2009). The role of leaders in internal marketing. Journal of Marketing, 73(2), 123-145. Welch, M., and Jackson, P. R. (2007). Rethinking internal communication: a stakeholder approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 12(2), 177-198.

Saturday, April 4, 2020

Rulers And Reaction Times Essays - Cognition, Mental Chronometry

Rulers And Reaction Times Rulers and Reaction Times Abstract The reaction time of ten subjects was measured. The subjects were asked to catch a ruler ten times under five different conditions. The first condition measured the subject's simple reaction time. Each further condition added an additional stimulus and the reaction times were measured. There was a clear increase in reaction time with the addition of further stimulus, however the expected result of a steady increase in response time with the addition of each condition did not occur. The third condition displayed the highest response time where as the final condition displayed the second lowest (after condition 1). Assuming that no design problems in the experiment affected the results, it cannot be concluded that cognitive processes occur in separate order and do not overlap. Given the average reaction time of condition five was lower than condition three, some cognitive adaption may have occurred to lower the response time of the subjects or another reason may exist. One aspect not c overed by the experiment, but important to the results was the error factor. Pre-guessing the experimenter caused a high rate of error, however it lowered the overall results. Why measure response times? As the world moves forward with technology, increasing pressure is placed upon humans to be quicker, be smarter and to operate more efficiently. As the population increases systems are being put in place to reduce incidences and accidents occurring. An example of this is a study conducted by Cameron, 1995 examining the influence of specific light colors, motor vehicle braking and the reaction time of the drivers to these specific clouds and conditions to avoid rear end collisions. Donders subtractive method holds that reaction times can be obtained by subtracting the simple reaction time; or subtracting type A from type B etc. (Cameron, 1995). Given this, it stands that the more stimulus provided (or thought processes required), the longer the response time of the subjects. This theory is tested in the measurement of ten responses to five test conditions. The trial provides preliminary information to participants and it is expected that reaction times will be shorter than if no infor mation was supplied. (Rosenbaum, 1980.) Method Participants Ten participants were selected, four female and six male. Ages ranged from twenty-two to fifty three. All were fully able bodied and from English speaking backgrounds. Materials A plastic yard rule was used. The yard rule was six centimeters in width. Procedure Condition One The experimenter sat one subject on a chair and instructed them to place their arm out in front of them at a comfortable height. The yard rule was then placed between the subject's fingers at a height of 10 centimeters. The subject was then told the condition 1 (Appendix A) and given three trials. The subject then completed the ten tries at the condition and the results were recorded. All ten subjects were tested in the same manner. No abnormal results were obtained. Condition Two The experimenter sat one subject on a chair and instructed them to place their arm out in front of them at a comfortable height. The yard rule was then placed between the subject's fingers at a height of 10 centimeters. The subject was then told the condition 2 (Appendix A) and given three trials. The subject then completed the ten tries at the condition and the results were recorded. All ten subjects were tested in the same manner. An error rate and abnormal results occurred. Condition Three The experimenter sat one subject on a chair and instructed them to place their arm out in front of them at a comfortable height. The yard rule was then placed between the subject's fingers at a height of 10 centimeters. The subject was then told the condition 2 (Appendix A) and given three trials. The subject then completed the ten tries at the condition and the results were recorded. All ten subjects were tested in the same manner. An error rate and abnormal results occurred. Condition Four The experimenter sat one subject on a chair and instructed them to place both their arms out in front of them at a comfortable height. The yard rule was then placed between the subject's hands at a height of 10 centimeters. The subject was then told the condition 4 (Appendix

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Free Online TOEFL Study Guides

Free Online TOEFL Study Guides Taking the TOEFL is a necessary step for any student not educated in the United States who wishes to study at a North American university. It is also increasingly required from other educational institutions throughout the world as well as a desired or mandatory job qualification. While it is true that the TOEFL is an extremely difficult test there are a number of resources to help students prepare for the test. Luckily the Internet has an ever-expanding treasure trove of study materials. Most of these areas require registration and payment however a number of the sites do offer some free services. If you are interested in taking the TOEFL it will probably be necessary to purchase some of these services. This guide shows you a number of the free services available on the Internet. By using this feature you can get an excellent head-start on your studies without paying a dime. What Is the TOEFL? Before beginning to study for the TOEFL it is a good idea to understand the philosophy and purpose behind this standardized test. Here is an excellent detailed description of the Internet-based test. What Can I Expect From TOEFL? There are a number of resources available to help you discover exactly what grammar listening and reading skills will be expected on the TOEFL. One of the most thorough of these resources is Testwise.Com  which explains each type of question in terms of the grammar or skill required to answer that type of question successfully. Now that you have a good idea of what the test is, what is to be expected, AND what strategies are needed you can begin to practice taking various sections of the test. To help you do just that (for FREE) follow the following links to these  practice tests  and exercises: TOEFL Grammar / StructurePractice TOEFL tests grammar through whats known as the structure sentence. This section includes multiple choice questions which test your understanding of how to put together a sentence.   TOEFL Grammar Practice 1 TOEFL Grammar Practice 2 Exam English Structure Tests Structure Practice Tests  from TestMagic Five Sets of Practice Questions for Section II  at Free ESL.com by Chris Yukna  Practice Section II TOEFL Vocabulary Practice The vocabulary section focuses on understanding synonyms and antonyms, as well as the ability to use a word in the right context.   TOEFL Vocabulary Practice 400 Must Have Words for TOEFL   TOEFL Reading Practice The reading section asks you to read fairly long sections of text that might be found in a textbook or scholarly article. Comprehension of the relationships between ideas and sequencing events is key in this section.   Reading practice tests  from TestMagic by  Chris Yukna  Practice Section II: Boston   Practice: Fuels TOEFL  based on an article in Wired Magazine by Chris Yukna. TOEFL Listening Practice TOEFL listening selections are often based on lectures in a university setting. As in reading, its important to practice listening long selections (3 - 5) minutes of university lectures or similar listening setting.   Exam English Listening Practice Tests How Do I Approach the TOEFL? One of the most important skills to acquire before taking the test is not a language skill. It is TOEFL test taking strategy. To get up to speed on test taking, this  guide to taking tests  can help you understand  general test taking preparation. The TOEFL, like all standardized American tests, has a very particular structure and typical traps for you to fall into. By understanding these traps and structures you can go a long way to improving your score. The writing section of the TOEFL requires that you write an essay based on a set topic. Testmagic.com has a wonderful  selection of sample essays  discussing common mistakes and giving examples of essays with various scores to show you the range expected on the essay. Practicing the TOEFL Obviously, you will need to do a lot more studying (and probably invest a good bit of money) to do well on the TOEFL. But hopefully, this guide to free TOEFL resources will help you begin to understand what to expect when taking the TOEFL.

Friday, February 21, 2020

Cover Letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Cover Letter - Assignment Example I also have extensive set of skills in Photoshop. I have a long standing interest in drawing and I believe that I possess the skills required for this post. I also recently read in your school website that you are now expanding your elementary school. This is a field that I am familiar with. I have read the details outlining the qualifications sought for this role and I believe I match your requirements as can be seen from the examples outlined: I have qualifications in; printmaking major, painting, drawing, photograph, ceramics, sculpture, art history and Chinese ink painting. In addition to the qualities above, I am also a hardworking, self-motivated and determined individual with a high desire to succeed. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss further, my application with you and to this end, I have attached my curriculum vitae to further acquaint you with the specifics of my background. I hope you will consider me for this position. I look forward to a positive communication from

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Dilemma in Field Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dilemma in Field Work - Essay Example If Cash accepts, Jordan should try and collect the required data from the area Cash was assigned and try to compare them with the Cash’s computed data. If the date comparison seems to be correct, Cash should steal be reported to the head of the department to be fired from the project. Citing article 2b of the Principles of Professional Responsibility; that is, given that the project was to have direct public application policy formulation, Cash had neglected his duty to the project as well as to the public. Article 2b states that â€Å"an anthropologist should not knowingly falsify or color his findings"(Cassell & Jacobs, pp. 34). If Cash is not fired because of the similarity on the data collected by him and those collected by Jordan, Jordan should develop arrange for database verification in Cash’s region. Two students should be hired who will interview all information reported by Cash. These interviews results will be stored in a separate file until the completion of the projects field portion. At the analysis time, the data collected by Cash will be compared to that collected by the students in the same region. If there would be a difference in the two data, this will be an indication of falsified data by Cash. The student’s data will be used to replace Cash’s one and he would be requested to return all the payment made to him which he won’t reject as there is enough evidence to support that. Once the situation had developed, Smith had little recourses. The direct argument with the adviser was not the best option. Chances were high that he may just laugh at Smith knowing that there was no proof to support that. The adviser is one of the staffs in the university, getting of support for Smith from the department could be tough. This is because this will portray the department as having being involved in plagiarism.Â