How to Use the French Preposition Chez

Anyone who has eaten at a French  restaurant  is familiar with the  French preposition  chez  since its often used with the name of the chef, as in  Chez Laura.  It is loosely translated as  at or in the  home or business place  of and can be used in a number of circumstances, including location or state of mind, as well as in common idiomatic expressions. This phrase has even crept into English, where its frequently used in restaurant names such as the iconic Chez Panisse in Berkeley, Calif. Uses and Examples Chez  is most commonly used to refer to a home or business, but it can also be employed to characterize someone or something or as part of an expression. For example:      chez mon oncle   at / to my uncles house  Ã‚  Ã‚  chez moi   at home, at / to my house  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carole est chez elle.   Carole is at home.      chez le mà ©decin   at / to the doctors (office)     chez lavocat   at / to the lawyers office      chez le boucher   at / to the butcher shop  Ã‚  Ã‚  chez le coiffeur   at / to the barbershop, hairdresser     une robe de chez Dior  Ã‚  Ã‚  a Dior dress,  a dress designed by Dior     (une coutume) chez les Franà §ais (a custom) among the French  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest typique chez les politiciens.  Its typical of politicans.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a se trouve souvent chez les vaches.  You often find that among cows.     chez les Grecs   in  ancient Greece / among the ancient Greeks     chez la femme in women / among women      Chez lui, cest une habitude   Its a habit with him.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest bizarre chez un enfant.   Thats strange for a child.      chez Molià ¨re   in Molià ¨res work / writing     chez Van Gogh   in Van Goghs art       chacun chez soi     everyone should look to his own affairs      cest une coutume  / un accent bien de chez nous  Ã‚  its a typical local custom/accent  Ã‚     Ã‚  chez-soi at home     Ã‚  fais comme chez toi   make yourself at home     Ã‚  In an address:  chez M. Durand  Ã‚  care of Mr.  Durand  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  elle la raccompagnà © chez lui  Ãƒ   pied   she walked him home        elle la raccompagnà © chez lui en voiture she gave him a lift / a ride home     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     rentrer chez soi  / rester chez soi to go home / to stay at home

Study on African American Youth and Young Adults with...

This paper proposes to address the psychological needs, behavioral factors, social factors surrounding a stratified sample of African American youth and young adults with incarcerated fathers. In doing so, assessment measures possessing test-retest reliability to assess subjects’ mental health conditions, stress related behavior, socioeconomic status, and interpersonal relationships. Incarcerated fathers who are imprisoned for non-violent crimes and are opened to reconcile and/or improve their relationship with their children. Sample will be drawn from a non-profit organization geared toward keeping imprisoned fathers in the Federal Bureau of Prisons and have had some communication with their children via pre-paid phone calls and Corrlinks (an electronic mail system in the FBOP prisoners and their families). Mothers or caretakers will be encouraged to participate in the proposed intervention programs. Introduction Studies have shown that children of incarcerated mothers experience more mental health issues as well as disruptions in their life because, more than likely, the mother was the primary caregiver prior to incarceration. Therefore, more programs for reuniting children with their mothers have been implemented yet the long-time/short-term effects of such programs remain unclear. Additionally, given the effects of maternal incarceration tend to cause more disruption of the lives of youths, an examination addressing reconciling relationships betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Mass Incarceration On African Americans1019 Words   |  5 Pageshas the highest prevalence of jailing its citizens. Nearly 2.3 million Americans are behind bars or nearly one percent of the adult population at any given time (Campbell, Vogel, Williams, 2015). As of 2014, African Americans make up 34% of the incarcerated population. 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One can argue that the United States has taken steps to improve the treatment of drug users, but this overlooks the fact that there is an underlying racial bias in drug enforcement and more must be done to improve this. In American History, African Americans have had laws issued against them resulting in holding second class status despite given full emancipation through the 13th amendment. During Reconstruction, Southern legislatures passed provisions to keep newly freedmen from exercisingRead More Racial Disparities of the Criminal Justice System1518 Words   |  6 Pagesto the current criminal justice system. The U.S. population is comprised of 79.96% Whites, 12.85% African Americans, and 4.43% Asians. The U.S. Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish and Central or South American origin and they make up about 15.1% of the total U. S. population (CIA World Factbook 2013). Even though African Americans make up only about 13% of the population, they account for around 40% of all arrests and approximatelyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Race and Juvenile Delinquency1965 Words   |  8 Pagesjustice system have contemplated the reason why some youth turn to delinquency and violence. To investigate the reasons, for some adolescents you would have to research on a case to case basis could fall into one category of multiple categories stemming, why they act the way they do and what cause these reactions. Some researchers may want to find reasons that is caused in the genetic line, it is the youth’s social atmosphere concer ning in the youth has the right friends or any friends at all, or theyRead MoreJuvenile Justice System Based On Their Race, Gender, And Social Class Essay2585 Words   |  11 Pagesexamines different studies of juveniles and their place in the United States’ justice system based on their race, gender, and social class, as well as looks into policing tactics that may be beneficial to the affected youths. By looking at a wide variety of academic journals and books it was clear to see that youths are looked upon and treated differently depending on what their race is, the sex that they were born, or their family’s economic standing. Resulting in the outcome of these youths being treated

Sustainability Performance and Sustainability Disclosure †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Performance and Sustainability Disclosure. Answer: Introduction This paper is set to address the question of whether legitimacy theory can act as a base for the new CDP law that requires firms to disclose their actual carbon performance on a quarterly basis. The legitimacy theory posits that the actions of any entity must be appropriate or proper within the system of values, norms, and beliefs within which the entity exists (Comyns, 2012). As such, it is important to measure just how the current law on GHG emissions could work along this. Not so many years ago, it was projected that 400 parts per million for CO2 would be a tipping point as far as climate change was concerned. In the legitimacy theory, and concerning the climate change issue, firms should report their carbon performance and the measures they are taking to reduce it. When organizations demonstrate that they are taking substantial actions in reducing climate change, they gain their legitimacy in society. However, many firms fail to report properly and accurately they only use the m edia to offer reports that improve their image and legitimacy (Comyns, 2012). In this study, the idea is to explore whether the legitimacy theory can act as a basis for the new environmental law to motivate forms to ensure accurate and timely disclosure. The previous research on legitimacy theory has not focused on how the ambiguities, in theory, can be addressed (Hahn et al., 2015). There are discrepancies in research on whether the theory motivates firm towards better disclosure considering that there may be positive or negative performance (Apergis et al., 2013). Previous research has not addressed how new local laws can be developed based on this theory so that firms have legal requirements to follow. Further, the issue of mandatory disclosures and how such an approach can motivate accuracy and honesty in reporting have not been addressed in research. Currently, disclosures are voluntary, and companies are expected to play their ethical mandate in displaying their findings to all. Research has found it vulnerable in the sense that it fails to make the process mandatory where all companies have to adhere to it (Fernando and Lawrence, 2014). Chu et al. (2013) noted that the organizations must be bound by the social contract with society. Organisations have certain social responsibilities which include sponsorship, education and voluntary disclosure of information. The firm agrees to act in a certain way in line with the values and beliefs of society (Comyns, 2012). This enable firms gain their legitimacy in society and develop positive image. They are accepted morally since their actions are appropriate and desirable to society. These help them to gain customers and labour force Increasing steps to reduce carbon footprints has been linked to the higher legitimacy of firms in society. Many firms provide more precise and reasonable carbon disclosures when there is legal requirement. Firms always follow disclosures that are mandatory and the figures are more accurate and timely since there are legal ramifications of failure to disclose, (Comyns, 2012). Firms can use this approach to demonstrate their ability to do things that are proper and beneficial. A positive correlation has been identified between proper actions and legitimacy and this translates to more profit. The more a company discloses precise and accurate carbon emission to the public the better the company will gain in term of image and profits, (Downie Stubbs, 2013). Theoretical Constructs and operational proxies In the previous research, there has been the focus on how the legitimacy theory can benefit the disclosures that are related to carbon emissions. In using the legitimacy theory, stakeholders rely on the promise of the social contract to establish how firms should take action against global warming (Chu et al., 2013). The proportion of the effort taken by firms should be in line with their carbon footprint. Every company is entitled to take care of the surrounding environment and take some social responsibilities. This help firms establish positive co-existence with different publics and take responsibility of reducing world global warming effects (Toke, 2017). There is also need to understand how the theory can be relied upon to bring about more strict measures and ensure correct action against the carbon emissions. The relationship between stringent legislation and compliance is positive the more stringent the laws, the better the outcomes regarding reporting and disclosure and the less the stringent law the worse the outcomes regarding carbon disclosure. Previous study identified law make it possible for every company to timely and accurately report on carbon emission level and measures the firm is undertaking to reduce this, (Rahmana et al., 2014). In theory, it is important to note that the arguments are logical and they can form a basis for the law forcing companies to disclose their positions and actions in reducing global warming. The legal arguments can be made for the social contract and the requirements identified in theory. The law can define the areas of proper and appropriate action and the values, beliefs, and morals that a firm exists in (Toke, 2017). It means that there is a high possibility of the theory being used as a basis for making the law. The previous research has indicated that more strict rules and regulatory requirements force companies to achieve better reporting and disclosure (Chu et al., 2013), and legal requirements have penalties that can be instituted to motivate firms and this is connected to the improved performance in reporting and disclosure. Previous studies also shows that the firms attempt to follow the law to remain more legitimate and get appreciation from government and consumers. It was also established that the new laws are likely to motivate firms to compete in showing compliance and this is connected to a better performance in this area. The firm will try to create positive image to public, media, government, society and customers and by doing so improve the level of carbon disclosure, (Kaime, 2014). Accurate and timely disclosure is considered as proxy of carbon disclosure index while legal requirements to direct firm to disclosure are proxy of legitimacy theory. The law can incentivize companies to improve their approaches in disclosure and possibly motivate them to seek more actions to improve their carbon performance. Firms will try to make can disclosure a priority and even create new departments to deal with carbon performance, and this has a direct link to the positive performance of businesses in the area. Operational Constructs The enterprises in the businesses that pollute the environment more are typical Variable Type of Variable Indicator Tools of analysis Type of analysis There is also need to understand how the theory can be relied upon to bring about more stringent measures and ensure correct action against the carbon emissions. Dependent Accurate and timely disclosure Percentages Mean score Descriptive statistics Regression analysis The relationship between stringent legislation and compliance is positive the more stringent the laws, the better the outcomes regarding reporting and disclosure Independent Stringent law/legal requirement Percentages Mean score Descriptive statistics Regression analysis The sample for this research has been taken from a data of 60 companies of different profiles. The sample of the sixty companies was randomly selected. These gave all the companies in the population equal chances of being selected. Companies selection was made with the greatest firms have been picked as a result of their effect on the economies where they play out their operations (Jose Lee 2007). Second, disclosure practices (particularly natural revelations) of large organizations are wealthier than small and medium measured organizations (Deegan Gordon 1996; Patten 1991) H0: If a new law is created based on legitimacy theory, then firms are likely to improve the accuracy and timeliness of their carbon performance disclosures. H1: If a new law is created based on legitimacy theory, there will be no change in the accuracy and timeliness of the carbon performance disclosures provided by firms. Data analysis- Descriptive statistics The method of data analysis is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive include measure of location and measure of dispersion which are used to describe the distribution of data. The data set provide consisted of different companies and also from different countries. country of the company Frequency Percent Canada 1 1.7 Denmark 2 3.3 Finland 2 3.3 France 1 1.7 Germany 1 1.7 Japan 2 3.3 Netherlands 2 3.3 Spain 2 3.3 Sweden 3 5.0 Switzerland 3 5.0 Taiwan 3 5.0 United Kingdom 9 15.0 USA 29 48.3 Total 60 100.0 The sample selected composed of companies from USA having the largest number of companies represented by 48.3%, United Kingdom 15%, Sweden, Switzerland and Taiwan had 5%, Canada, France and Germany had 1.7% and finally Finland, Netherlands and Spain had 3.3%. This is evident that most of the companies in the population are from USA then followed by United Kingdom. Type of company Frequency Percent Consumer Discretionary 8 13.3 Consumer Staples 1 1.7 Financials 6 10 Health Care 4 6.7 Industrials 18 30 Information Technology 22 36.7 Telecommunication Services 1 1.7 In the sample selected, 36.7 % of the companies were information technology companies followed by industrials with 30%, consumer Discretionary 13.3%, Financials 10%, Health care 6.7% while Consumers Staples and Telecommunication Services had 1.7%. In the graph above, there is considerable change in board role in the issue of discussion between the years 2010 to 2015. According to Simpson (2016), the prevalence of CDP in propagating the disclosure of emission information is helping companies reduce environmental disasters. Aside from that, the figures of executive decisions are a signal to the changing investment and economic trust that many businesses are embarking on. Further, close to 1000 entities have implemented policies on the internal cost of emission in the pipelines (Deatherage, 2011). Moreover, the target of most companies has overwhelmed many of those that were against the move. As a result, it has become a relevant issue for leading global industries to embed climate change objectives within each business strategy. Responsibility of climatic change with the organization Frequency Percent Board or individual/sub-set of the Board or other committee appointed by the Board 42 70.0 No individual or committee with overall responsibility for climate change 1 1.7 Other Manager/Officer 3 5.0 Senior Manager/Officer 12 20.0 Total 60 100.0 The climatic change responsibility in an organisation has been dedicated to the board committee. The carbon emission has to be in control by all the companies. In the sample selected, most of the companies have delegated these duties to appointed board represented by 70% while only 1.7% hasnt delegated this responsibility. New laws need to be put in place to allow timeliness and accuracy of reporting. Most of the businesses have integrated climatic change in their policy. They have set law policy of reducing carbon emission, disclosure method of this policy to the public and also set policy on how to reduce the risk in future. Although some of the business have not come up with an integrated climate change. Data analysis-Inferential statistics Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 22. Inferential statistics are used to make logical conclusion on the data. Analysis of variance and t test are used to test significance of variables under study. ANOVA was conducted to test the relationship of disclosure score and law integrated in the business at 5% level of significance. Also was used to check risk incorporation in firm and improvement of disclosure score. ANOVA assumes that the data is continuous and normally distributed with equal variance. H0: If a new law is created based on legitimacy theory, then firms are likely to improve the accuracy and timeliness of their carbon performance disclosures. H1: If a new law is created based on legitimacy theory, there will be no change in the accuracy and timeliness of the carbon performance disclosures provided by firms. The companys disclosure score can be compared with integrated climate change and determine if their business strategy has catered for accuracy and timeliness. The P-value is 0 thus less than the significance level 0.05 thus we reject the null hypothesis that a new law created based on the legitimacy theory, firms would improve the accuracy and timeliness of their carbon performance hence their would be no change. The new law created wouldnt improve the accuracy and the timeliness of their carbon performance disclosures. H0: If a new law is created based on legitimacy theory, then firms are likely to improve the accuracy and timeliness of their carbon performance disclosures. H1: If a new law is created based on legitimacy theory, there will be no change in the accuracy and timeliness of the carbon performance disclosures provided by firms. The P-value which is 0.019 that is less than 0.05 we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that a new law created based on legitimacy theory will no change in the accuracy and timeliness of the carbon performance disclosures provided by firms. These means that creating a law based on the legitimacy theory the way companies have been having carbon performance disclosures would not change. In addressing the concerns of theories in the business operations of large corporations, there is a need to focus on the impact of climate change on value creation in companies. The new law based on the legitimacy theory has proved that the accuracy and timeliness of carbon emission disclosure would remain the same. With an open platform for disclosure, it offers an avenue to meet the interests of the population and ensure that the business environment remains stable for the ultimate performance of many companies. Mostly studies address the emission and not putting into consideration the facts on its effect to residents. Despite the increased number companies most of them are not will to disclose the carbon emission. The challenge, the choice and impact of disclosing carbon emission still lies with the confines of the firm in addressing the impact it will have on its future operation. The research only made use of new law contribution and effects on carbon disclosure level which may be influences by other factors not included in study. Many scholars still infer the impact of climate issues, corporations are facing the predicament of sinking behind in the turn of addressing market concerns on the rapid change regarding climate. There need to do further research and identify how the firms behaved before and after introduction of new law. Also a survey will be appropriate to assess how the management think disclosure score should be improved. Reference Baumast,A. (2013). Carbon Disclosure Project.Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, 302-309. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_559 Bellassen,V., Stephan,N. (2015).Accounting for carbon: Monitoring, reporting and verifying emissions in the climate economy. Chu, Chatterjee Brown, (2013). The current status of greenhouse gas reporting by Chinese companies: A test of legitimacy theory.. Managerial Auditing Journal, 28, pp.114-39. Comyns, B., (2012). Media, legitimacy and climate change reporting by companies in the oil and gas industry. In Corporate Responsibility Research Conference. Marseille, 2012. Euromed Management School. Cormier, D. and Magnan, M. (2013). The Economic Relevance of Environmental Disclosure and its Impact on Corporate Legitimacy: An Empirical Investigation. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(6), pp.431-450. Deatherage,S.D. (2011).Carbon trading law and practice. New York: Oxford University Press. Dickson,M., Conference Board of Canada. (2009).The Carbon Disclosure Project: Why should companies participate?Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada. Giannarakis,G., Zafeiriou,E., Sariannidis,N. (2017). The Impact of Carbon Performance on Climate Change Disclosure.Business Strategy and the Environment. doi:10.1002/bse.1962 Hahn, R., Reimsbach, D. Schiemann, F., (2015). Organizations, Climate Change, and Transparency: Reviewing the Literature on Carbon Disclosure. Organization Environment, 28(1). HoJeong Kim (2016). State secrets, and information disclosure based on Official Information Disclosure Act. HUFS Law Review, 40(4), pp.1-19. Hummel, K. and Schlick, C. (2016). The relationship between sustainability performance and sustainability disclosure Reconciling voluntary disclosure theory and legitimacy theory. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 35(5), pp.455-476. INDAHL, A. (2013). Hypothesis for research or treatments. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 57(3), pp.269-270. Kaime, T.,( 2014). International Climate Change Law and Policy: Cultural Legitimacy in Adaptation and Mitigation. Routledge.

The concept of citizenship in the United States

A citizen is a person who is entitled to enjoy all the legal rights granted by a country or a state; a citizen is obliged to obey the laws of his country as a sign of loyalty (Heater, 7). This research paper will analyze the concept of citizenship in US and discuss the subject of American character in US today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of citizenship in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion In US citizenship is obtained by birth and blood relationship. A person born in US obtains nationality even if the parents are non-citizens while a child born of a US citizen obtains automatic citizenship even if he is born in a foreign country (Bray, 13). The 14th amendment of the US constitution states that, an individual must obtain both country and state citizenship (Bray, 86). The government of US offers foreigners an opportunity to become US citizens through naturalization proce ss. However, such individuals must be above 18 years, have stayed in US for long, be fluent in English, and be familiar with the American laws (Bray, 88). A candidate who meets these standards must pledge to be loyal to laws of US before one is declared a legal citizen. Today, a US citizen can lose his nationality especially if the citizenship has been acquired through naturalization process (Bray, 113). This usually happens when an individual goes back to his mother country and stays there for long. Due to increasing number of illegal migrants coming to US every year, there is a proposal to improve laws on citizenship (Bray, 97); this is a measure to curb illegal migration. It has been observed that children of illegal migrants have legal documents while their parents do not have such documents and this has made it hard for the US government to deal with the problem of immigrants since the existing policies do not allow separating children from their parents (Bray, 126). US has inh abitants from different parts of the world comprising people of different race, beliefs, religion and culture (Takaki, 37). As shown by Takaki in his book â€Å"A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America,† the American history portrays a multicultural society full of inequalities and injustices. However, according to the America creed, the American character has been defined as a society full justice, liberty, equality, and of human respect (Bray, 117). But, according to Takaki this is not the case. By studying the history of America, it is evident that the journey to build a stable society in US has not been easy. In fact, there has been a lot of struggle to eliminate racism, inequalities and social injustices among other issues.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In US today traces of these elements still exist although they are not pronounced in the society. For in stance, since the beginning of 21st century there have been raising issues with the Americans feeling that people with Hispanic origins are taking over their jobs. This has brought change in the way people interact (Bray, 176). Conclusion The American society has evolved tremendously. There has been considerable transformation from a state of slavery to liberty even though inequalities caused by economic imbalances are still evident in US (Bray, 16). However, as stated in the American creed, the American character is possible. In fact, today’s American society accommodates people with different cultures irrespective of their origin. Works Cited Bray, Ilona. Becoming a U.S. Citizen: A guide to the Law, Exam Interview. California: Nolo, 2010. Print. Heater, Benjamin. A brief history of citizenship. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004. Print. Takaki, Ronald. A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America. New York City: Hachette book Group, 1993. Print. This essay on The concept of citizenship in the United States was written and submitted by user Jacqueline Reeves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Research Essay in Statistics

How to Write a Research Essay in Statistics Statistics is a type of social activity, the purpose of which is to collect, process and analyze information that characterizes various manifestations of social life (socio-political, technical-economic, cultural and many others) in their inseparable interaction. This method has something in common with the mathematical concept of statistical accounting, respectively, the subject is mainly studied by students of mathematical and economic faculties. To demonstrate the fullness of the knowledge of the discipline and to enable the teacher to adequately evaluate them, the student must independently write an essay on statistics. In this article, we will explain what you need to do, how and why. Start with the Definition of the Object What You Need to Explore The object of research in applied statistics is the statistical data obtained as a result of observations or experiments. Statistical data is a collection of objects (observations, cases) and signs (variables) characterizing them. For example, the objects of study may be countries of the world and features, namely, their geographical and economic indicators characterizing: continent; terrain height above sea level; average annual temperature; countrys place in the list of quality of life, the share of GDP per capita; public spending on health, education, army; average life expectancy; unemployment rate; life quality index, etc. Variables are values that can take on different values as a result of the measurement. Based on the Object, Choose the Research Method Here are the main scientific methods of collecting information for your statistical essay. Statistical Observation Statistical observation is a planned, organized and systematic collection of information, aimed mainly at the phenomena of social life. This method is implemented through the registration of the previously defined most prominent features, the purpose of which is to subsequently obtain the characteristics of the phenomena being studied. Summary and Grouping of Materials of Statistical Observation Speaking about the second method, first of all, it should be said about the summary. A summary is a process of processing certain single facts that form a common set of data collected during an observation. If the summary is carried out correctly, a huge amount of single data on individual objects of observation can turn into a whole complex of statistical tables and results. Also, this study contributes to the definition of common features and patterns of the phenomena studied. Absolute and Relative Statistics Absolute quantities are considered the very first form of presentation of statistical data. With its help, it is possible to impart dimensional characteristics to phenomena, for example, by time, by length, by volume, by area, by mass, etc. If you want to know about individual absolute statistics, you can resort to measuring, estimating, counting or weighing. And if you need to get the final volume indicators, you should use a summary and grouping. It should be borne in mind that the absolute statistical values are distinguished by the presence of units of measure. These units include value, labor, and natural quantities. Variation Series In some cases, the data on the average indices of one or another of the studied quantities may not be enough to carry out the processing, evaluation and in-depth analysis of a certain phenomenon or process. Then it is necessary to consider the variation of indicators of individual units, which also represents an important characteristic of the studied set of phenomena. Sample The meaning of the sampling method is that the properties of one part determine the numerical characteristics of the whole (this is called the general population). The basis of the sampling method is internal communication, which unites the parts and the whole, the individual and the general. Correlation and Regression Analysis Correlation analysis and regression analysis are two highly effective methods that allow analyzing large amounts of data to study the possible relationship between two or more indicators. Dynamic Series Using this method of statistical analysis, it is very convenient to determine the intensity or speed with which phenomena develop, to find the tendency of their development, to isolate fluctuations, to compare the dynamics of development, to find the interrelation of the phenomena developing in time. How to Choose a Method: 3 Examples The choice of a statistical criterion for the processing of empirical data is determined by the empirical research scheme. If the essay is intended to identify differences in the severity of indicators in the two comparative groups, the Mann-Whitney U-test or Students t-test can be used. If the statistical essay is intended to identify the relationships between certain parameters, then correlation analysis can be used. In particular, the Pearson correlation coefficient or the Spearman rank correlation coefficient is suitable for the calculation. If the essay involves formative and control experiments, then you may need to compare the severity of a particular indicator. For this, the Wilcoxon test or the G-sign test is appropriate. 3 Pillars of a Statistical Research Essay As we have said, the main purpose of writing an essay is the formation of high professional qualities (skills) of a statistician-practitioner. The content of the essay, as a rule, is disclosed in three interrelated sections: General provisions and questions of statistical accounting; Questions of statistical analysis; Problem-solving. This structure of the essay allows the student to fully disclose the purpose, meaning, methodology, technique, and organization of statistical work within each topic, to state the statistical methodology, based on the relevance of the tasks of socio-economic development. For the teacher, this is a practical opportunity to control the depth and accuracy of students knowledge of the statistical methodology of accounting and analysis of economic phenomena, techniques, and ways of working with statistical indicators, tables, graphs, diagrams. Start with a Plan After studying the literary sources, students should make their own individual essay plan based on an approximate list of questions given in each topic. The degree of generalization or differentiation of questions in each section of the topic is determined by the student independently (depending on the interest shown, the possibility of selecting literature or factual material, etc.). Within each section of the work, the student must disclose at least three related questions. Go to the Body of Your Statistics Research Essay Part 1 General provisions should be stated by the student in the form of a brief description of the economic side of the issue, the role, and tasks of statistics, sources of official statistical data performance of enterprises. The student must correctly reflect the target setting, the economic sense, methodology, technique and organization of statistical accounting for the size of economic signs. An understanding of the degree of relevance and relevance of considering a particular statistical indicator (or group of indicators) in the modern practice of estimating, stimulating and managing the economy should be primarily reflected in the work plan, in references to new official documents and materials. Part 2 The second part of the paper (Questions of statistical analysis) should reflect the essence of specific methods of statistical generalization and analysis of indicators considered by the essay. The content of statistical methods, calculation formulas, stages of calculations, the system of the interrelation of indicators are mandatory for this section. It is advisable to cover all issues on a specific numerical example with the subsequent economic and statistical interpretation of the results obtained; the construction of meaningful conclusions is a mandatory requirement of any economic and statistical calculation. Along with the above questions in the essay, it is necessary to show concrete examples of methods and techniques of the statistical study of socio-economic phenomena: the index method, factor analysis, the definition of closeness. Important! The presentation of theoretical material should be accompanied by specific links to the relevant pages of the literary source, a table of source data, illustrated with specific numerical examples. The ability to substantively, concisely and accurately investigate the essence of the problem is expressed in the extensive use of tabular, graphics and other visual image methods. The work must have at least three graphs. Part 3 In the third part of the work (the solution of a practical problem) the student must practically show the quality of mastering the basic theoretical questions of the topic. The student must be able to rationally, accurately and convincingly perform a number of statistical calculations that allow him to fully and conclusively answer the questions posed in the problem statement. It is important to remember here that arithmetic calculations must proceed from the accepted calculation formulas, the latter must be expanded, sequentially stated; the main results of the calculations should be briefly explained, summarized or analyzed; it is possible to conduct a comparative analysis with data from another country or enterprise. If there are several methods for calculating one indicator or another, the simplest of them should be applied, indicating (for control purposes or balance of the obtained solution) other methods of the solution as well. What You Need to Remember When Making a Conclusion in a Statistical Essay Statistical findings are used to summarize data from the sample in relation to the entire population. Random errors characteristic of a sample study can lead to the fact that the sample will not be a sufficiently accurate model of the population. In fact, the sample is never a model of the general population at 100%, but only its more or less distorted version. In order to estimate such distortions and, therefore, to draw more accurate conclusions about the general population, statistical conclusions are used. First of all, they allow the student to assess the likelihood that the relationships identified in the sample, differences, magnitudes, etc. are characteristic exclusively for the sample, but not for the general population. The logic is as follows: if such a probability is high, then a decision is made according to which the sampling parameters are not characteristic of the general population and vice versa if such a probability is low, then it is considered that the corresponding sampling parameters speak about the parameters of the general population. It is important to remember that the achievement of a 100% guarantee that the results obtained in the study are characteristic of the general population is possible only when a complete study has been conducted, i.e. survey of all representatives of the general population. But this is not a study by a sampling method and it does not involve the use of statistical conclusions. In the most general form, statistical conclusions can be divided into two groups: interval estimation (construction of the interval in which the mean value or proportion of the general population should fall into a given probability); verification of statistical hypotheses (the probabilistic conclusion that certain parameters of the sample reflect (or not) the parameters of the entire population). Some Interesting Topics to Research Essays in Statistics After you understand the basics of how to write an essay on statistics, lets look at a list of interesting topics that you can explore. The Methodology of Statistical Studies of the Reliability of Commercial Banks; The Methodology of Statistical Research of the Processes of Formation, Distribution, and Use of Income of the Population; Problems of the Statistical Study of Emergency Environmental Situations of Man-Made Nature; Cost of Agricultural Products: Factors and Analysis Methodology; Statistical Analysis of the State of the Stock Market and Forecasting the Stock Price of Corporate Issuers; Statistical Reporting of Credit Institutions and Its Reform at the Present Stage; Statistical Analysis and Forecasting of the Stock Market Using Neural Network Algorithms; Statistical Analysis of the Cyclical Demographic Processes; Economic and Statistical Analysis of the State and Development of Foreign Trade and Tourism in Laos; Economic and Statistical Study of the Exchange Rates of the Cis Countries; Economic and Statistical Study of the Functioning of the International Labor Market; Statistical Analysis of the Residential Real Estate Market in a Certain City; Statistical Study of the Dynamics of the Birth Rate of the Population of Sri Lanka; Economic and Statistical Modeling of the Social Sphere: Methodology and Analysis; Economic and Statistical Research of the Government Securities Market; Methodological Problems of Improving the System of Environmental Statistics Indicators; Indicators of the Standard of Living of the Population in French Statistics and Their Analysis; Statistical Study of Employment and Womens Health Status.

The Manufacturing and Cultural History of Nylon Stockings

The Manufacturing and Cultural History of Nylon Stockings In 1930, Wallace Carothers, Julian Hill, and other researchers for the DuPont Company studied chains of molecules called polymers, in an attempt to find a substitute for silk. Pulling a heated rod from a beaker containing carbon- and alcohol-based molecules, they found the mixture stretched and, at room temperature, had a silky texture. This work culminated in the production of nylon marking the beginning of a new era in synthetic fibers. Nylon Stockings - 1939 New York World's Fair Nylon was first used for fishing line, surgical sutures, and toothbrush bristles. DuPont touted its new fiber as being as strong as steel, as fine as a spiders web, and first announced and demonstrated nylon and nylon stockings to the American public at the 1939 New York Worlds Fair. According to The Nylon Drama authors David Hounshell and John Kenly Smith, Charles Stine, vice president DuPont unveiled the worlds first synthetic fiber not to a scientific society but to three thousand womens club members gathered at the site of the 1939 New York Worlds Fair for the New York Herald Tribunes Eighth Annual Forum on Current Problems. He spoke in a session entitled We Enter the World of Tomorrow which was keyed to the theme of the forthcoming fair, the World of Tomorrow. Full-Scale Production of Nylon Stockings First Nylon PlantDuPont built the first full-scale nylon plant in Seaford, Delaware, and began commercial production in late 1939. The company decided not to register nylon as a trademark, according to Dupont they, choose to allow the word to enter the American vocabulary as a synonym for stockings, and from the time it went on sale to the general public in May 1940, nylon hosiery was a huge success: women lined up at stores across the country to obtain the precious goods. The first year on the market, DuPont sold 64 million pairs of stockings. That same year, nylon appeared in the movie, The Wizard of Oz, where it was used to create the tornado that carried Dorothy to the Emerald City. Nylon Stocking the War Effort In 1942, nylon went to war in the form of parachutes and tents. Nylon stockings were the favorite gift of American soldiers to impress British women. Nylon stockings were scarce in America until the end of World War II, but then returned with a vengeance. Shoppers crowded stores, and one San Francisco store was forced to halt stocking sales when it was mobbed by 10,000 anxious shoppers. Today, nylon is still used in all types of apparel and is the second most used synthetic fiber in the United States.

Critical Appraisal of Contemporary Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical Appraisal of Contemporary Issue - Essay Example lst public understanding on health issues cannot solely be attributed to media reporting, it is widely recognized that media has a high impact on people’s beliefs on health related behaviors. Therefore, timely and accurate translation of scientific information is important to avoid publishing information that will to some extent be misleading compared to actual findings of the research study (Kovacs 2011, 34). It is media’s responsibility to observe ethics and professional behavior in analyzing contemporary issues on health. Mass media is an integration of different mass communication channels that will transmit information both electronically and mechanically to the intended user. It will play a central role in linking health workers to the members of public both locally and internationally. Health authorities will educate and entrust the media with essential information that is transformed into readily accessible formats and transferred through a variety of media channels. Mass media is important because it is effective in widening the audience that will be communicated with recent health information (King and Watson 2005, 25). Likewise, communication of scientific information through media will be in simple formats thus easily interpreted. It will seem less official or dictatorial and chances of getting positive feedback from the society are much higher compared to other methods. Media will also be important in relaying preventive measures of a health issue that has or is about to affect the people t hereby cutting the costs of reactive measures (Guthrie J 2003, 50). An example is when health authorities communicate through media the importance of vaccination or warn the public of a looming epidemic disease. However, despite continuous participation of health authorities in mass media reporting, information may not be authentic from every angle if it is intended to influence the mind set of people on a particular phenomenon (Howit 1982, 56). This conflict of